Anthropogenic Mortality Carcass Sampling Biases Systematic Review Wildlife Mortalitywind Energy

Papers

Ecological Applications , 2022

Scavenging is a key ecological process controlling energy menses in ecosystems and providing valuab... more Scavenging is a key ecological procedure controlling energy flow in ecosystems and providing valuable ecosystem services worldwide. As long-lived species, the demographic dynamics of vultures can be disrupted by spatio-temporal fluctuations in nutrient availability, with dramatic impacts on their population viability and the ecosystem services provided. In Europe, the outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in 2001 prompted a restrictive sanitary legislation banning the presence of livestock carcasses in the wild at a continental scale. In long-lived vertebrate species the buffering hypothesis predicts that the demographic traits with the largest contribution to population growth rate should be less temporally variable. The BSE outbreak provides a unique opportunity to test for the impact of demographic buffering in a keystone scavenger suffering abrupt only transient food shortages. Nosotros study the 42-year dynamics (1978-2020) of 1 of the earth's largest breeding colonies of Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus). We fitted an inverse Bayesian state-space model with density-dependent demographic rates to the time-series of stage-structured abundances to investigate shifts in vital rates and population dynamics earlier, during and after the implementation of a restrictive germ-free regulation. Prior to the BSE outbreak the dynamics was mainly driven past adult survival: 83% of temporal variance in abundance was explained by variability in this charge per unit. Moreover, during this flow the regulation of population size operated through density-dependent fecundity and sub-adult survival. However, later the onset of the European ban, a ane-month filibuster in boilerplate laying engagement, a drop in fecundity and a reduction in the number of fledglings induced a transient increase in the impact of fledgling and sub-developed recruitment on dynamics. Although developed survival rate remained constantly high, as predicted by the buffering hypothesis, its relative impact on the temporal variance in abundance dropped to 71% during the sanitary legislation and to 54% subsequently the ban was lifted. A significant increase in the relative impact of environmental stochasticity on dynamics was modeled after the BSE outbreak. These results provide empirical evidence on how precipitous environmental deterioration may induce dramatic demographic and dynamic changes in the populations of keystone scavengers, with far-reaching impacts on ecosystem functioning worldwide.

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Scientific Reports , 2022

Over millennia, human being intervention has transformed European habitats mainly through all-encompassing liv... more than Over millennia, human intervention has transformed European habitats mainly through extensive livestock grazing. "Dehesas/Montados" are an Iberian savannah-like ecosystem dominated by oaktrees, bushes and grass species that are subject to agricultural and extensive livestock uses. They are a good example of how big-calibration, depression intensive transformations can maintain loftier biodiversity levels likewise as socioeconomic and cultural values. Even so, the role that these human-modified habitats can play for individuals or species living beyond their borders is unknown. Here, using a dataset of 106 adult GPS-tagged Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) monitored over seven years, we show how individuals breeding in western European populations from Northern, Central, and Southern Spain, and Southern France made long-range forays (LRFs) of upward to 800 km to converge in the threatened Iberian "dehesas" to forage. There, extensive livestock and wild ungulates provide large amounts of carcasses, which are available to scavengers from traditional exploitations and rewilding processes. Our results highlight that maintaining Iberian "dehesas" is critical non just for local biodiversity but also for long-term conservation and the ecosystem services provided by avian scavengers beyond the continent.

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Bones and Applied Ecology , 2022

Carrion consumption by scavengers is a key component of both terrestrial and aquatic food webs. H... more Feces consumption by scavengers is a key component of both terrestrial and aquatic food webs. However, in that location are few direct comparisons of the structure and functioning of scavenging communities in different ecosystems. Here, nosotros monitored the consumption of 23 fish (seabream Sparus aurata) and 34 bird (yellow-legged dupe Larus michahellis) carcasses on a small-scale Mediterranean island (Isla Grosa, southeastern Espana) and surrounding waters in summer to compare the construction of the scavenger assemblages and their carrion consumption efficiencies in terrestrial and shallow water habitats. Scavenging was highly efficient both in marine and terrestrial environments, especially in the presence of a highly abundant vertebrate scavenger species, the yellow-legged gull. The vertebrate scavenger customs was richer in the marine environment, whereas the invertebrate community was richer on land. The scavenger network was usually well-structured (i.e., nested), with the exception of the community associated with fish terrestrial carcasses, which were almost monopolized by yellow-legged gulls. In contrast, gulls left conspecific carcasses untouched, thus assuasive longer persistence of gull carcasses on land and their exploitation by a various insect community. Our report shows of import differences in the scavenging process associated with environment and carcass type. Promising avenues for further eco-evolutionary and practical research arise from the comparison of scavenging processes in terrestrial and marine ecosystems, from small islands to continents.

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Ambio , 2022

In recent decades, intensive techniques of livestock raising have flourished, which has largely r... more In recent decades, intensive techniques of livestock raising have flourished, which has largely replaced traditional farming practices such every bit transhumance. These changes may accept affected scavengers' behaviour and environmental, as extensive livestock is a key source of feces. This study evaluates the spatial responses of avian scavengers to the seasonal movements of transhumant herds in southeastern Spain. Nosotros surveyed the affluence of avian scavengers and ungulates, and analysed the factors affecting the infinite employ by 30 GPS-tracked griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus). Griffons' foraging activeness increased in the pasturelands occupied by transhumant herds, which implied greater vulture abundance at the landscape level during the livestock season. In contrast, facultative scavengers were more arable without transhumant livestock herds, and the abundance of wild ungulates did not alter in relation to livestock presence. Nosotros conclude that fostering transhumance and other traditional farming systems, to the detriment of farming intensification, could favour vulture conservation.

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Ecology , 2021

Species assemblages frequently have a non-random nested organization, which in vertebrate scavenger (c... more Species assemblages often take a non-random nested organization, which in vertebrate scavenger (carrion-consuming) assemblages is thought to exist driven by facilitation in competitive environments. However, not all scavenger species play the aforementioned function in maintaining aggregation structure, as some species are obligate scavengers (i.e., vultures) and others are facultative, scavenging opportunistically. Nosotros used a database with 177 vertebrate scavenger species from 53 assemblages in 22 countries across five continents to identify which functional traits of scavenger species are key to maintaining the scavenging network structure. We used network analyses to chronicle ten traits hypothesized to bear upon aggregation construction with the "function" of each species in the scavenging assemblage in which information technology appeared. We characterized the office of a species in terms of both the proportion of monitored carcasses on which that species scavenged, or scavenging breadth (i.e., the species "normalized degree"), and the role of that species in the nested construction of the assemblage (i.e., the species "paired nested degree"), therefore identifying possible facilitative interactions amid species. We plant that species with high olfactory acuity, social foragers, and obligate scavengers had the widest scavenging latitude. We also found that social foragers had a large paired nested caste in scavenger assemblages, probably because their presence is easier to detect past other species to signal carcass occurrence. Our study highlights differences in the functional roles of scavenger species and can be used to identify central species for targeted conservation to maintain the ecological office of scavenger assemblages.

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Science of The Total Environment , 2022

Scavengers provide significant nature's contributions to people (NCP), including illness control ... more Scavengers provide significant nature's contributions to people (NCP), including disease command through carcass removal, merely their non-material NCP are rarely considered. For the first time, we appraise the extent and value of the NCP provided by European avian scavengers through a scavenger-based tourism at Pyrenean supplementary feeding sites (SFS). Using a two-stride cluster analysis, two different types of company were identified (specialist avian scavenger-watchers and generalist nature-lovers) at those SFS offering recreational experiences (n = twenty, i.due east. birdwatching, educational, or photographic activities). Almost visitors (85%) perceived avian scavengers as beneficial NCP providers, associating this guild with not-cloth NCP (by and large supporting identities), followed by regulating and maintenance of options NCP (<1%). Our findings help to characterize the type of people who participate in scavenger related recreation and to identify and value their perceptions of avian scavengers. There has not been much previous research on positive human-wild animals interactions, even though ignoring people emotional bonds with nature tin can exist perilous for biodiversity conservation.

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Avian Research , 2021

Electrocution and collisions on ability lines are among the leading causes of non-natural mortality... more Electrocution and collisions on power lines are among the leading causes of non-natural mortality for birds. Power lines are exponentially increasing, particularly in developing countries, but mitigation strategies to forbid bird mortality are questionable. Mongolia combines a recently increased power line network, an abundant raptor population, a dangerous crossarm configuration and a habitat with no natural perches, producing many birdpower line interactions. Our aim is to appraise the bird mortality acquired past power lines in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia, to determine the factors increasing the adventure of bird electrocution, and to evaluate the effectiveness of used retrofitting measures. In July 2019 we covered 132.9 km of fifteen kV power lines checking 1092 poles. We also conducted bird transects to record raptor and corvid richness and abundance, to appraise species vulnerability to electrocution. We recorded 76 electrocuted birds of seven species. Electrocution rate was vi.96 birds/100 poles. The most afflicted species were Common Raven (Corvus corax) and Upland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius), highlighting the electrocution of 5 endangered Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug). By dissimilarity, nosotros just recorded 8 individuals of 5 species colliding with wires, the most affected being Pallas's Sandgrouse (Syrrhaptes paradoxus). Virtually 76.one% of sampled poles had some mitigation measure. Of these, 96.half dozen% were brush perch deflectors and iii.four% rotating-mirrors perch deterrents. We plant differences in electrocution rates among crossarm configurations, with the strain insulator with one jumper being the most lethal. Additionally, we institute no correlation between bird affluence and electrocution rates, suggesting that some species are more sensitive to electrocution. Although no differences in full bird electrocution rates were detected between poles with and without perch deterrents, when bird size is considered, deterrents reduced the bloodshed rate of pocket-sized birds, while they were ineffective for medium-sized birds. Despite the widespread use of perch deterrents in the Mongolian electric line network, there is still an alarming electrocution rate. This strategy is ineffective and some mechanisms, such as castor perch deflectors, may increase the electrocution rate for some medium-sized birds. Finally, we propose strategies to minimize the avian electrocution rate in the Gobi Desert.

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Science of The Total Surround , 2021

Nature's contributions to people (NCP) may be both beneficial and detrimental to humans' quality ... more Nature's contributions to people (NCP) may exist both benign and detrimental to humans' quality of life. Since our origins, humans take been closely related to wild ungulates, which accept traditionally played an outstanding role as a source of food or raw materials. Currently, wild ungulates are failing in some regions, but recovering in others throughout passive rewilding processes. This is reshaping human-ungulate interactions. Thus, fairly understanding the benefits and detriments associated with wild ungulate populations is necessary to promote human-ungulate co-existence. Here, we reviewed 575 articles (2000-2019) on human-wild ungulate interactions to identify key cognition gaps on NCP associated with wild ungulates. Wild ungulate research was mainly distributed into seven inquiry clusters focussing on: (1) silvicultural damage in Eurasia; (2) herbivory and natural vegetation; (3) conflicts in urban areas of North America; (iv) agricultural harm in Mediterranean agro-ecosystems; (five) social research in Africa and Asia; (six) agricultural damage in Northward America; (vii) research in natural American Northwest areas. Research mostly focused on detrimental NCP. However, the number of publications mentioning benign contributions increased after the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services conceptual framework was implemented. Human-ungulate interactions' inquiry was biased towards the Global N and Cervidae, Suidae and Bovidae families. Regarding detrimental NCP, virtually publications referred to production damage (e.g. crops), followed by biodiversity damage, and fabric damage (e.m. traffic collisions). Regarding beneficial NCP, publications mainly highlighted non-material contributions (east.g. recreational hunting), followed by material NCP and regulating contributions (e.thousand. habitat creation). The main deportment taken to manage wild ungulate populations were lethal control and using deterrents and barriers (e.k. fencing), which effectiveness was rarely assessed. Increasing enquiry and awareness about beneficial NCP and constructive management tools may assist to improve the conservation of wild ungulates and the ecosystems they inhabit to facilitate people-ungulate co-existence in the Anthropocene.

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Biotropica , 2021

Scavenging is widespread among vertebrates, beingness very important for maintaining certain ecosyste... more Scavenging is widespread amid vertebrates, beingness very important for maintaining sure ecosystem functions. Despite this, the scavenger communities remain poorly known in some biomes, especially in the Neotropics. Our principal objective was to describe for the showtime fourth dimension the scavenger customs and identify the factors affecting scavenging efficiency in the Brazilian Cerrado. We analyzed the furnishings of vegetation comprehend, time of carcass placement and carcass weight, on scavenger species richness, private abundances, carcass detection and consumption times, and carcass consumption rate. We monitored xi large and 45 minor carcasses using automatic cameras. We documented a total of 19 vertebrate scavenging species, four species of vultures and 15 facultative scavengers. We plant that carcass size was the nearly important factor affecting the scavenger aggregation and consumption patterns. Large carcasses were dominated past vultures, whereas small carcasses were consumed mainly by facultative scavengers. We also found differences between large and pocket-size carcasses in all carcass consumption variables except for detection time. All the same, nosotros did not discover an effect of vegetation embrace or time of carcass placement on scavenging patterns. The negligible role of mammals and not-raptor birds in large carcasses is also noteworthy, probably due to the consumption and foraging efficiency of the vultures, and the more frugivorous habits of the mesocarnivores. Our results show a highly various and efficient scavenging vertebrate community in the Brazilian Cerrado, and the demand to preserve them in the face of the meaning habitat transformations suffered past this biodiversity hotspot.

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Revista General de Derecho Animal y Estudios Interdisciplinares de Bienestar Beast / Journal of Animal Police & Interdisciplinary Fauna Welfare Studies , 2021

El lobo (Canis lupus), al igual que otros grandes carnívoros, está recuperando su antiguo territo... more El lobo (Canis lupus), al igual que otros grandes carnívoros, está recuperando su antiguo territorio en el continente europeo. Esta situación supone una mayor interacción con el ser humano, por lo que es necesario establecer un nuevo paradigma en la relación entre seres humanos y lobos. La doctrina del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) determina en gran parte la aplicación efectiva y uniforme de la legislación de la Unión Europea ante cualquier tipo de situaciones inéditas. Este artículo supone una aproximación a la situación jurídica del lobo en Europa. Se analizan, pues, las dos últimas sentencias pronunciadas por el TJUE en 2019 y 2020, donde se consideran cuestiones relacionadas con la aplicación de la caza para llevar a cabo su gestión en un Estado miembro de la UE, y con la conservación de la especie independientemente de dónde se encuentre, incluyendo paisajes humanizados. Estas sentencias tienen consecuencias para la gestión de la especie en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea. Además, nos centramos en sus repercusiones en España, donde la especie se encuentra bajo un escenario de gestión complejo.

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Quercus , 2021

Unos 150 aerogeneradores y más de 120 kilómetros de nuevos tendidos eléctricos traerán a Cabrera ... more Unos 150 aerogeneradores y más de 120 kilómetros de nuevos tendidos eléctricos traerán a Cabrera los proyectos de parques eólicos previstos en esta comarca del suroeste de la provincia de León. Los valores naturales de estas montañas y valles son tan desconocidos y están tan amenazados que lo que merecerían es un Parque Natural.

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Quercus , 2021

Matar lobos no puede ser la principal herramienta de gestión de la especie bajo la cobertura lega... more Matar lobos no puede ser la principal herramienta de gestión de la especie bajo la cobertura legal que la Unión Europa brinda a la fauna silvestre. Así lo entiende el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, que avala la necesidad de united nations cambio de paradigma a la hora de garantizar el mantenimiento de united nations estado de conservación favorable del lobo.

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Ecological Economics , 2021

Nature's contributions to people (NCP) are fundamental to human well-being. In particular, non-ma... more Nature'south contributions to people (NCP) are cardinal to man well-being. In particular, non-material NCP, defined as effects on personal perspectives which enhance people's quality of life, are currently the about abstract and to the lowest degree well-defined NCP. Avian scavengers are a globally threatened society that plays a central role in our society just currently just valued for their NCP of disease control and carcass removal. We describe the first economic valuation of the recreational and educational experiences brought by avian scavenger-based tourism in Espana, concretely, at vulture supplementary feeding sites (SFS) in the Pyrenees and their important contribution to the incomes of the local human population. Betwixt February 2018 and Jan 2020, we nerveless information on the management and characteristics of 53 (c. 80%) of the Pyrenean SFS using phone interviews and questionnaires. We estimated that photography and avian scavenger-watching at SFS produce an average of The states $4.ninety ± 2.67 million annually, including US $2.53 ± ane.36 1000000 in direct economic benefits to the local population. Using a bourgeois economic approach, this study is ane of only a few to value some of the important non-cloth contribution provided by avian scavengers to our society. Our report also suggests that further enquiry on non-fabric NCP provided by avian scavengers at SFS is needed. Finally, we discuss the delicate balance between recreational experiences arising from wild animals-based tourism and biodiversity conservation, contrasting the contribution of SFS to the income of local human populations against the problems they heighten for vulture conservation.

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Journal of Arid Environments , 2021

Despite the essential office that vertebrate scavengers play in ecosystems, most studies have been ... more Despite the essential role that vertebrate scavengers play in ecosystems, most studies have been conducted in Europe and North America, and at that place is a lack of information on vertebrate scavengers in vast regions of the globe. Our aim was to describe the performance and composition of the unknown vertebrate scavenger assemblage in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, and decide how carcass size and habitat blazon impact species limerick and carrion use. Nosotros monitored carcasses with camera traps and we also conducted ascertainment points to survey the raptor community and place the proportion of raptor species making utilize of the carcasses. We recorded eight vertebrate scavenger species (5 birds and three mammals) by camera trap and 7 raptors at observation points. Over half of the raptor species recorded at the observation points were also plant feeding on carrion. The 2 nearly threatened species were just recorded in the mountain habitat. Furthermore, scavenger abundance and consumption rates were higher at large carcasses. This written report highlights the importance of scavenging by raptors and other vertebrate scavengers for carrion elimination in ecosystems with extreme climatic conditions.

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Quercus , 2021

Expertos en derecho ambiental y conservación de especies amenazadas analizan en el siguiente artí... more Expertos en derecho ambiental y conservación de especies amenazadas analizan en el siguiente artículo las más de cien sentencias penales dictadas en España a los envenenadores de creature salvaje. Sus conclusiones y recomendaciones deberían ser tenidas muy en cuenta para mejorar la lucha contra el veneno en el medio natural.

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International Journal of Environmental Enquiry and Public Health , 2021

Intentional poisoning is a global wild animals trouble and an overlooked take a chance factor for public healt... more than Intentional poisoning is a global wild animals trouble and an overlooked run a risk factor for public health. Managing poisoning requires unbiased and loftier-quality data through wildlife monitoring protocols, which are largely lacking. We herein evaluated the biases associated with current monitoring programmes of wildlife poisoning in Spain. We compared the national poisoning database for the 1990–2015 flow with information obtained from a field experiment during which we used camera-traps to detect the species that consumed non-poisoned baits. Our findings suggest that the detection charge per unit of poisoned animals is species-dependent: Several beast groups (e.g., domestic mammalian carnivores and vultures) tended to exist over-represented in the poisoning national database, while others (eastward.1000., corvids and small mammals) were underrepresented. As revealed by the GLMM analyses, the probability of a given species beingness overrepresented was higher for heaviest, aerial, and cryptic species. In decision, we constitute that monitoring poisoned fauna based on heterogeneous sources may produce important biases in detection rates; thus, such information should exist used with caution by managers and policy-makers. Our findings may guide to future search efforts aimed to achieve a more comprehensive agreement of the intentional wild animals poisoning trouble.

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European Periodical of Wildlife Research , 2020

Identifying the virtually advisable allurement for a camera trap study is an important pace in sampling de... more Identifying the nearly appropriate bait for a camera trap study is an important step in sampling blueprint, as some baits may perform better than others in attracting different animal species. In this written report, we compare the vertebrate communities detected using 5 different widely used baits (i.e., fruit, sardines, valerian extract, a mix of sweet fruits and peanut butter, and a combination of valerian extract and sardines). Nosotros assess their performance and characterize the species best detected past each bait in the diverse Cerrado biome. We identified a total of 46 species of vertebrates: 15 mammals, 4 reptiles, and 27 birds. The baits differed in their estimates of community composition, richness, and affluence. In general, valerian extract detected fewer individuals and species than whatsoever of the other baits. Fruits detected the largest number of bird species. Sardines detected the largest number of species overall and were the best bait for felines and reptiles. Baits of an animal origin performed similarly to those of a plant origin. Our study shows that baits should be selected based on the objective of the study.

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Actualidad Jurídica Ambiental , 2020

El uso ilegal del veneno es una de las principales amenazas para la conservación de especies, par... more El uso ilegal del veneno es una de las principales amenazas para la conservación de especies, particularmente de carroñeros y depredadores. Aunque no existe información fiable sobre el impacto real del veneno en España, entre 1992 y 2013 se ha estimado que podrían haber muerto unos 185.000 animales entre aves y mamíferos. A pesar del elevado número de episodios de envenenamiento en nuestro país, el número de sentencias relacionadas con casos de envenenamiento es muy pequeño. Se han analizado las sentencias obtenidas hasta ahora en España para, entre otras cuestiones, evaluar la frecuencia con la que la responsabilidad ambiental es reconocida en los casos de envenenamiento. En full general, la práctica judicial parece cada vez más proclive a admitir la reparación del daño causado mediante la directa aplicación de los baremos oficiales de valoración de las especies afectadas por el veneno, sean silvestres o cinegéticas. Sin embargo parece existir cierta reticencia a diferenciar esta indemnización de la reparación del equilibrio ecológico perturbado mediante la imposición de medidas recuperadoras. Una mejor implementación de la responsabilidad medioambiental pasa por la existencia de baremos oficiales de valoración de especies silvestres debidamente actualizados. También sería necesario que las medidas de reparación del equilibrio ecológico estuvieran fundamentadas con base científica. Analizada la Ley 26/2007 de Responsabilidad Medioambiental, entendemos que no tendría aplicación en el caso del uso del veneno, entre otros motivos, por no incluirse ninguna de las actividades que ocasionan su uso en los anexos de dicha Ley.

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Ecological Indicators , 2020

In today's societies, scavengers play an important function as providers of nature's contribution to ... more than In today'south societies, scavengers play an of import role as providers of nature'southward contribution to people (NCP), such every bit disease control and carcass removal. Yet very little is known about the non-cloth NCP (i.e. nature'south effects on subjective and psychological aspects of people'south well-existence) that scavengers provide societies with. The starting time aim of this study is to determine which species of obligate and facultative scavengers provide different non-material NCP in Espana, including recreational and aesthetic experiences, learning and inspiration, and supporting identities. The second aim is to identify which ecological variables determine their capacity to provide the same not-cloth NCP. To assess not-textile NCP nationwide, data were collected from different sources, including the Internet (websites of nature photography and wildlife watching tours, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and Google Trends), outreach magazines and scientific manufactures. A top predator, Canis lupus, followed past an obligate scavenger, Gyps fulvus, were amongst the nearly prominent species to provide multiple non-material NCP. Aesthetic experiences were provided mainly by common species, such equally Genetta genetta, Milvus migrans and corvids. The NCP of recreation and learning by civil guild were provided by threatened and charismatic species, such as C. lupus, Ursus arctos and Aquila adalberti. Knowledge acquired by scientists was provided mainly by meso-carnivores. Finally, the NCP of supporting identities was related with species capable of providing beneficial and detrimental contributions, such as C. lupus and Hog. Integrating data mined from dissimilar sources has allowed information technology to reveal the interweaving amidst non-material categories. Recognising that all species of scavengers are essential for providing non-material NCP can raise order'southward sensation about their important cultural office and may, hence, contribute to their conservation.

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Quercus , 2018

Diez años tardó la Unión Europea en rectificar la normativa que regulaba el tratamiento sanitario... more Diez años tardó la Unión Europea en rectificar la normativa que regulaba el tratamiento sanitario de reses muertas y su vínculo con las aves carroñeras. Un marco legal con repercusiones directas en nuestras cuatro especies de buitres, otras rapaces y carnívoros tan señalados como el oso y el lobo.

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Ecological Applications , 2022

Scavenging is a key ecological process controlling energy menses in ecosystems and providing valuab... more Scavenging is a key ecological process decision-making energy catamenia in ecosystems and providing valuable ecosystem services worldwide. As long-lived species, the demographic dynamics of vultures can be disrupted by spatio-temporal fluctuations in food availability, with dramatic impacts on their population viability and the ecosystem services provided. In Europe, the outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in 2001 prompted a restrictive sanitary legislation banning the presence of livestock carcasses in the wild at a continental scale. In long-lived vertebrate species the buffering hypothesis predicts that the demographic traits with the largest contribution to population growth rate should be less temporally variable. The BSE outbreak provides a unique opportunity to test for the impact of demographic buffering in a keystone scavenger suffering abrupt but transient nutrient shortages. We report the 42-year dynamics (1978-2020) of ane of the world's largest breeding colonies of Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus). We fitted an inverse Bayesian state-space model with density-dependent demographic rates to the fourth dimension-serial of stage-structured abundances to investigate shifts in vital rates and population dynamics before, during and after the implementation of a restrictive sanitary regulation. Prior to the BSE outbreak the dynamics was mainly driven past adult survival: 83% of temporal variance in affluence was explained by variability in this rate. Moreover, during this period the regulation of population size operated through density-dependent fecundity and sub-adult survival. However, subsequently the onset of the European ban, a one-month filibuster in boilerplate laying date, a drib in fecundity and a reduction in the number of fledglings induced a transient increment in the impact of fledgling and sub-adult recruitment on dynamics. Although adult survival rate remained constantly high, as predicted past the buffering hypothesis, its relative impact on the temporal variance in abundance dropped to 71% during the sanitary legislation and to 54% after the ban was lifted. A meaning increase in the relative touch on of ecology stochasticity on dynamics was modeled after the BSE outbreak. These results provide empirical evidence on how abrupt environmental deterioration may induce dramatic demographic and dynamic changes in the populations of keystone scavengers, with far-reaching impacts on ecosystem functioning worldwide.

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Scientific Reports , 2022

Over millennia, human intervention has transformed European habitats mainly through extensive liv... more Over millennia, human being intervention has transformed European habitats mainly through all-encompassing livestock grazing. "Dehesas/Montados" are an Iberian savannah-like ecosystem dominated by oaktrees, bushes and grass species that are subject area to agronomical and extensive livestock uses. They are a good instance of how large-scale, depression intensive transformations can maintain high biodiversity levels also equally socioeconomic and cultural values. However, the role that these human-modified habitats can play for individuals or species living beyond their borders is unknown. Here, using a dataset of 106 developed GPS-tagged Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) monitored over seven years, nosotros show how individuals breeding in western European populations from Northern, Central, and Southern Espana, and Southern France made long-range forays (LRFs) of up to 800 km to converge in the threatened Iberian "dehesas" to provender. There, extensive livestock and wild ungulates provide large amounts of carcasses, which are available to scavengers from traditional exploitations and rewilding processes. Our results highlight that maintaining Iberian "dehesas" is critical non only for local biodiversity merely also for long-term conservation and the ecosystem services provided past avian scavengers across the continent.

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Basic and Applied Ecology , 2022

Carrion consumption by scavengers is a central component of both terrestrial and aquatic food webs. H... more Carrion consumption past scavengers is a cardinal component of both terrestrial and aquatic food webs. Nevertheless, there are few direct comparisons of the structure and operation of scavenging communities in different ecosystems. Here, we monitored the consumption of 23 fish (seabream Sparus aurata) and 34 bird (yellowish-legged gull Larus michahellis) carcasses on a small Mediterranean isle (Isla Grosa, southeastern Spain) and surrounding waters in summertime to compare the structure of the scavenger assemblages and their carrion consumption efficiencies in terrestrial and shallow water habitats. Scavenging was highly efficient both in marine and terrestrial environments, especially in the presence of a highly abundant vertebrate scavenger species, the yellow-legged dupe. The vertebrate scavenger customs was richer in the marine surroundings, whereas the invertebrate community was richer on land. The scavenger network was usually well-structured (i.due east., nested), with the exception of the customs associated with fish terrestrial carcasses, which were almost monopolized by yellow-legged gulls. In contrast, gulls left conspecific carcasses untouched, thus assuasive longer persistence of dupe carcasses on country and their exploitation past a various insect customs. Our study shows important differences in the scavenging process associated with environment and carcass blazon. Promising avenues for further eco-evolutionary and applied research arise from the comparison of scavenging processes in terrestrial and marine ecosystems, from minor islands to continents.

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Ambio , 2022

In recent decades, intensive techniques of livestock raising take flourished, which has largely r... more In recent decades, intensive techniques of livestock raising have flourished, which has largely replaced traditional farming practices such as transhumance. These changes may have affected scavengers' behaviour and ecology, equally all-encompassing livestock is a key source of carrion. This study evaluates the spatial responses of avian scavengers to the seasonal movements of transhumant herds in southeastern Espana. Nosotros surveyed the abundance of avian scavengers and ungulates, and analysed the factors affecting the space use by 30 GPS-tracked griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus). Griffons' foraging activity increased in the pasturelands occupied by transhumant herds, which implied greater vulture abundance at the mural level during the livestock season. In dissimilarity, facultative scavengers were more arable without transhumant livestock herds, and the abundance of wild ungulates did non change in relation to livestock presence. We conclude that fostering transhumance and other traditional farming systems, to the detriment of farming intensification, could favour vulture conservation.

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Ecology , 2021

Species assemblages often have a non-random nested organization, which in vertebrate scavenger (c... more Species assemblages often take a not-random nested system, which in vertebrate scavenger (carrion-consuming) assemblages is thought to be driven by facilitation in competitive environments. Nonetheless, not all scavenger species play the same role in maintaining assemblage construction, as some species are obligate scavengers (i.e., vultures) and others are facultative, scavenging opportunistically. We used a database with 177 vertebrate scavenger species from 53 assemblages in 22 countries across five continents to identify which functional traits of scavenger species are key to maintaining the scavenging network structure. We used network analyses to relate ten traits hypothesized to affect assemblage structure with the "role" of each species in the scavenging assemblage in which it appeared. We characterized the part of a species in terms of both the proportion of monitored carcasses on which that species scavenged, or scavenging breadth (i.e., the species "normalized degree"), and the role of that species in the nested structure of the aggregation (i.e., the species "paired nested degree"), therefore identifying possible facilitative interactions among species. We found that species with high olfactory acuity, social foragers, and obligate scavengers had the widest scavenging breadth. Nosotros besides found that social foragers had a large paired nested caste in scavenger assemblages, probably because their presence is easier to detect by other species to signal carcass occurrence. Our written report highlights differences in the functional roles of scavenger species and can be used to identify fundamental species for targeted conservation to maintain the ecological function of scavenger assemblages.

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Science of The Full Environment , 2022

Scavengers provide meaning nature's contributions to people (NCP), including illness command ... more Scavengers provide significant nature'due south contributions to people (NCP), including disease control through carcass removal, simply their not-fabric NCP are rarely considered. For the first time, we assess the extent and value of the NCP provided by European avian scavengers through a scavenger-based tourism at Pyrenean supplementary feeding sites (SFS). Using a ii-step cluster analysis, two different types of visitor were identified (specialist avian scavenger-watchers and generalist nature-lovers) at those SFS offering recreational experiences (n = 20, i.e. birdwatching, educational, or photographic activities). Almost visitors (85%) perceived avian scavengers as benign NCP providers, associating this society with not-material NCP (mostly supporting identities), followed by regulating and maintenance of options NCP (<i%). Our findings help to characterize the type of people who participate in scavenger related recreation and to identify and value their perceptions of avian scavengers. There has non been much previous enquiry on positive homo-wildlife interactions, even though ignoring people emotional bonds with nature can be perilous for biodiversity conservation.

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Avian Research , 2021

Electrocution and collisions on ability lines are amongst the leading causes of non-natural mortality... more than Electrocution and collisions on ability lines are among the leading causes of non-natural mortality for birds. Ability lines are exponentially increasing, specially in developing countries, but mitigation strategies to prevent bird mortality are questionable. Mongolia combines a recently increased electric line network, an abundant raptor population, a dangerous crossarm configuration and a habitat with no natural perches, producing many birdpower line interactions. Our aim is to appraise the bird mortality acquired by power lines in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia, to determine the factors increasing the risk of bird electrocution, and to evaluate the effectiveness of used retrofitting measures. In July 2019 we covered 132.ix km of fifteen kV power lines checking 1092 poles. Nosotros also conducted bird transects to record raptor and corvid richness and abundance, to assess species vulnerability to electrocution. We recorded 76 electrocuted birds of 7 species. Electrocution rate was 6.96 birds/100 poles. The well-nigh affected species were Common Raven (Corvus corax) and Upland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius), highlighting the electrocution of 5 endangered Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug). By contrast, we only recorded 8 individuals of five species colliding with wires, the most affected being Pallas'southward Sandgrouse (Syrrhaptes paradoxus). Almost 76.one% of sampled poles had some mitigation measure. Of these, 96.six% were brush perch deflectors and 3.four% rotating-mirrors perch deterrents. We found differences in electrocution rates amidst crossarm configurations, with the strain insulator with one jumper being the nearly lethal. Additionally, we constitute no correlation between bird abundance and electrocution rates, suggesting that some species are more than sensitive to electrocution. Although no differences in total bird electrocution rates were detected between poles with and without perch deterrents, when bird size is considered, deterrents reduced the mortality charge per unit of small-scale birds, while they were ineffective for medium-sized birds. Despite the widespread use of perch deterrents in the Mongolian power line network, there is yet an alarming electrocution rate. This strategy is ineffective and some mechanisms, such equally castor perch deflectors, may increment the electrocution rate for some medium-sized birds. Finally, nosotros propose strategies to minimize the avian electrocution rate in the Gobi Desert.

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Science of The Full Environs , 2021

Nature'due south contributions to people (NCP) may be both benign and detrimental to humans' quality ... more Nature's contributions to people (NCP) may be both benign and detrimental to humans' quality of life. Since our origins, humans accept been closely related to wild ungulates, which have traditionally played an outstanding role as a source of nutrient or raw materials. Currently, wild ungulates are declining in some regions, only recovering in others throughout passive rewilding processes. This is reshaping human-ungulate interactions. Thus, adequately understanding the benefits and detriments associated with wild ungulate populations is necessary to promote human being-ungulate co-existence. Here, we reviewed 575 manufactures (2000-2019) on homo-wild ungulate interactions to place fundamental knowledge gaps on NCP associated with wild ungulates. Wild ungulate inquiry was mainly distributed into seven enquiry clusters focussing on: (one) silvicultural damage in Eurasia; (2) herbivory and natural vegetation; (3) conflicts in urban areas of North America; (4) agronomical damage in Mediterranean agro-ecosystems; (5) social inquiry in Africa and Asia; (half dozen) agricultural impairment in N America; (7) research in natural American Northwest areas. Research mostly focused on detrimental NCP. However, the number of publications mentioning beneficial contributions increased later on the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services conceptual framework was implemented. Human being-ungulate interactions' research was biased towards the Global North and Cervidae, Suidae and Bovidae families. Regarding detrimental NCP, most publications referred to production damage (e.thou. crops), followed by biodiversity damage, and cloth impairment (due east.one thousand. traffic collisions). Regarding beneficial NCP, publications mainly highlighted non-material contributions (e.g. recreational hunting), followed by material NCP and regulating contributions (east.1000. habitat creation). The main actions taken to manage wild ungulate populations were lethal control and using deterrents and barriers (e.thou. fencing), which effectiveness was rarely assessed. Increasing research and awareness nigh beneficial NCP and constructive management tools may help to improve the conservation of wild ungulates and the ecosystems they inhabit to facilitate people-ungulate co-existence in the Anthropocene.

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Biotropica , 2021

Scavenging is widespread among vertebrates, existence very important for maintaining certain ecosyste... more Scavenging is widespread among vertebrates, being very of import for maintaining sure ecosystem functions. Despite this, the scavenger communities remain poorly known in some biomes, especially in the Neotropics. Our main objective was to draw for the first time the scavenger customs and identify the factors affecting scavenging efficiency in the Brazilian Cerrado. We analyzed the effects of vegetation encompass, time of carcass placement and carcass weight, on scavenger species richness, private abundances, carcass detection and consumption times, and carcass consumption rate. Nosotros monitored 11 big and 45 small carcasses using automatic cameras. We documented a total of 19 vertebrate scavenging species, four species of vultures and 15 facultative scavengers. Nosotros found that carcass size was the most of import factor affecting the scavenger assemblage and consumption patterns. Big carcasses were dominated past vultures, whereas minor carcasses were consumed mainly by facultative scavengers. We too establish differences between large and small carcasses in all carcass consumption variables except for detection time. However, nosotros did not find an effect of vegetation embrace or fourth dimension of carcass placement on scavenging patterns. The negligible function of mammals and non-raptor birds in large carcasses is also noteworthy, probably due to the consumption and foraging efficiency of the vultures, and the more frugivorous habits of the mesocarnivores. Our results bear witness a highly diverse and efficient scavenging vertebrate community in the Brazilian Cerrado, and the need to preserve them in the face of the significant habitat transformations suffered past this biodiversity hotspot.

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Revista General de Derecho Animal y Estudios Interdisciplinares de Bienestar Creature / Journal of Creature Police force & Interdisciplinary Animal Welfare Studies , 2021

El lobo (Canis lupus), al igual que otros grandes carnívoros, está recuperando su antiguo territo... more El lobo (Canis lupus), al igual que otros grandes carnívoros, está recuperando su antiguo territorio en el continente europeo. Esta situación supone una mayor interacción con el ser humano, por lo que es necesario establecer un nuevo paradigma en la relación entre seres humanos y lobos. La doctrina del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) determina en gran parte la aplicación efectiva y uniforme de la legislación de la Unión Europea dues cualquier tipo de situaciones inéditas. Este artículo supone una aproximación a la situación jurídica del lobo en Europa. Se analizan, pues, las dos últimas sentencias pronunciadas por el TJUE en 2019 y 2020, donde se consideran cuestiones relacionadas con la aplicación de la caza para llevar a cabo su gestión en un Estado miembro de la UE, y con la conservación de la especie independientemente de dónde se encuentre, incluyendo paisajes humanizados. Estas sentencias tienen consecuencias para la gestión de la especie en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea. Además, nos centramos en sus repercusiones en España, donde la especie se encuentra bajo un escenario de gestión complejo.

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Quercus , 2021

Unos 150 aerogeneradores y más de 120 kilómetros de nuevos tendidos eléctricos traerán a Cabrera ... more than Unos 150 aerogeneradores y más de 120 kilómetros de nuevos tendidos eléctricos traerán a Cabrera los proyectos de parques eólicos previstos en esta comarca del suroeste de la provincia de León. Los valores naturales de estas montañas y valles son tan desconocidos y están tan amenazados que lo que merecerían es un Parque Natural.

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Quercus , 2021

Matar lobos no puede ser la principal herramienta de gestión de la especie bajo la cobertura lega... more Matar lobos no puede ser la principal herramienta de gestión de la especie bajo la cobertura legal que la Unión Europa brinda a la fauna silvestre. Así lo entiende el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, que avala la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma a la hora de garantizar el mantenimiento de un estado de conservación favorable del lobo.

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Ecological Economics , 2021

Nature's contributions to people (NCP) are cardinal to human well-being. In item, non-ma... more Nature'southward contributions to people (NCP) are fundamental to human well-being. In particular, non-cloth NCP, defined as effects on personal perspectives which enhance people'due south quality of life, are currently the most abstract and least well-defined NCP. Avian scavengers are a globally threatened guild that plays a central office in our society simply currently only valued for their NCP of illness control and carcass removal. We describe the first economical valuation of the recreational and educational experiences brought by avian scavenger-based tourism in Espana, concretely, at vulture supplementary feeding sites (SFS) in the Pyrenees and their important contribution to the incomes of the local human population. Between February 2018 and January 2020, nosotros collected information on the direction and characteristics of 53 (c. 80%) of the Pyrenean SFS using telephone interviews and questionnaires. We estimated that photography and avian scavenger-watching at SFS produce an average of United states of america $4.xc ± 2.67 million annually, including US $two.53 ± i.36 1000000 in direct economic benefits to the local population. Using a conservative economical arroyo, this written report is one of just a few to value some of the important non-material contribution provided by avian scavengers to our order. Our study also suggests that farther research on non-material NCP provided by avian scavengers at SFS is needed. Finally, we discuss the delicate residue between recreational experiences arising from wildlife-based tourism and biodiversity conservation, contrasting the contribution of SFS to the income of local human populations against the problems they enhance for vulture conservation.

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Journal of Arid Environments , 2021

Despite the essential role that vertebrate scavengers play in ecosystems, almost studies have been ... more than Despite the essential role that vertebrate scavengers play in ecosystems, most studies have been conducted in Europe and Northward America, and there is a lack of data on vertebrate scavengers in vast regions of the earth. Our aim was to describe the functioning and composition of the unknown vertebrate scavenger assemblage in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, and make up one's mind how carcass size and habitat type affect species composition and carrion use. Nosotros monitored carcasses with camera traps and nosotros also conducted observation points to survey the raptor community and identify the proportion of raptor species making use of the carcasses. We recorded eight vertebrate scavenger species (5 birds and three mammals) by camera trap and seven raptors at ascertainment points. Over one-half of the raptor species recorded at the ascertainment points were likewise plant feeding on carrion. The two nearly threatened species were merely recorded in the mountain habitat. Furthermore, scavenger affluence and consumption rates were higher at large carcasses. This study highlights the importance of scavenging by raptors and other vertebrate scavengers for carrion elimination in ecosystems with extreme climatic conditions.

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Quercus , 2021

Expertos en derecho ambiental y conservación de especies amenazadas analizan en el siguiente artí... more Expertos en derecho ambiental y conservación de especies amenazadas analizan en el siguiente artículo las más de cien sentencias penales dictadas en España a los envenenadores de fauna salvaje. Sus conclusiones y recomendaciones deberían ser tenidas muy en cuenta para mejorar la lucha contra el veneno en el medio natural.

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International Periodical of Ecology Enquiry and Public Wellness , 2021

Intentional poisoning is a global wildlife problem and an overlooked risk factor for public healt... more Intentional poisoning is a global wildlife problem and an overlooked chance factor for public health. Managing poisoning requires unbiased and high-quality data through wildlife monitoring protocols, which are largely lacking. Nosotros herein evaluated the biases associated with current monitoring programmes of wildlife poisoning in Espana. We compared the national poisoning database for the 1990–2015 menstruation with information obtained from a field experiment during which nosotros used camera-traps to discover the species that consumed non-poisoned baits. Our findings suggest that the detection rate of poisoned animals is species-dependent: Several animal groups (eastward.g., domestic mammalian carnivores and vultures) tended to be over-represented in the poisoning national database, while others (e.g., corvids and small-scale mammals) were underrepresented. Every bit revealed by the GLMM analyses, the probability of a given species being overrepresented was higher for heaviest, aerial, and ambiguous species. In conclusion, we found that monitoring poisoned brute based on heterogeneous sources may produce important biases in detection rates; thus, such information should be used with caution by managers and policy-makers. Our findings may guide to hereafter search efforts aimed to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the intentional wildlife poisoning problem.

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European Journal of Wildlife Inquiry , 2020

Identifying the most advisable bait for a camera trap study is an important step in sampling de... more than Identifying the most advisable bait for a photographic camera trap study is an important step in sampling blueprint, as some baits may perform better than others in attracting unlike creature species. In this study, we compare the vertebrate communities detected using v different widely used baits (i.east., fruit, sardines, valerian extract, a mix of sweet fruits and peanut butter, and a combination of valerian extract and sardines). We assess their performance and characterize the species all-time detected by each bait in the diverse Cerrado biome. We identified a total of 46 species of vertebrates: 15 mammals, 4 reptiles, and 27 birds. The baits differed in their estimates of community composition, richness, and abundance. In general, valerian extract detected fewer individuals and species than whatever of the other baits. Fruits detected the largest number of bird species. Sardines detected the largest number of species overall and were the best bait for felines and reptiles. Baits of an animal origin performed similarly to those of a plant origin. Our study shows that baits should exist selected based on the objective of the study.

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Actualidad Jurídica Ambiental , 2020

El uso ilegal del veneno es una de las principales amenazas para la conservación de especies, par... more El uso ilegal del veneno es una de las principales amenazas para la conservación de especies, particularmente de carroñeros y depredadores. Aunque no existe información fiable sobre el impacto real del veneno en España, entre 1992 y 2013 se ha estimado que podrían haber muerto unos 185.000 animales entre aves y mamíferos. A pesar del elevado número de episodios de envenenamiento en nuestro país, el número de sentencias relacionadas con casos de envenenamiento es muy pequeño. Se han analizado las sentencias obtenidas hasta ahora en España para, entre otras cuestiones, evaluar la frecuencia con la que la responsabilidad ambiental es reconocida en los casos de envenenamiento. En general, la práctica judicial parece cada vez más proclive a admitir la reparación del daño causado mediante la directa aplicación de los baremos oficiales de valoración de las especies afectadas por el veneno, sean silvestres o cinegéticas. Sin embargo parece existir cierta reticencia a diferenciar esta indemnización de la reparación del equilibrio ecológico perturbado mediante la imposición de medidas recuperadoras. Una mejor implementación de la responsabilidad medioambiental pasa por la existencia de baremos oficiales de valoración de especies silvestres debidamente actualizados. También sería necesario que las medidas de reparación del equilibrio ecológico estuvieran fundamentadas con base científica. Analizada la Ley 26/2007 de Responsabilidad Medioambiental, entendemos que no tendría aplicación en el caso del uso del veneno, entre otros motivos, por no incluirse ninguna de las actividades que ocasionan su uso en los anexos de dicha Ley.

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Ecological Indicators , 2020

In today'due south societies, scavengers play an of import role as providers of nature's contribution to ... more In today's societies, scavengers play an important role as providers of nature'southward contribution to people (NCP), such as disease control and carcass removal. Yet very picayune is known about the non-material NCP (i.eastward. nature's furnishings on subjective and psychological aspects of people'due south well-existence) that scavengers provide societies with. The first aim of this report is to determine which species of obligate and facultative scavengers provide different non-material NCP in Spain, including recreational and artful experiences, learning and inspiration, and supporting identities. The second aim is to identify which ecological variables determine their capacity to provide the aforementioned non-cloth NCP. To assess non-cloth NCP nationwide, information were collected from different sources, including the Internet (websites of nature photography and wildlife watching tours, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and Google Trends), outreach magazines and scientific articles. A top predator, Canis lupus, followed by an obligate scavenger, Gyps fulvus, were among the most prominent species to provide multiple non-cloth NCP. Aesthetic experiences were provided mainly by common species, such as Genetta genetta, Milvus migrans and corvids. The NCP of recreation and learning past ceremonious club were provided past threatened and charismatic species, such as C. lupus, Ursus arctos and Aquila adalberti. Knowledge caused past scientists was provided mainly by meso-carnivores. Finally, the NCP of supporting identities was related with species capable of providing beneficial and detrimental contributions, such as C. lupus and Squealer. Integrating data mined from different sources has allowed information technology to reveal the interweaving among non-textile categories. Recognising that all species of scavengers are essential for providing non-textile NCP can enhance society's awareness about their of import cultural function and may, hence, contribute to their conservation.

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Quercus , 2018

Diez años tardó la Unión Europea en rectificar la normativa que regulaba el tratamiento sanitario... more than Diez años tardó la Unión Europea en rectificar la normativa que regulaba el tratamiento sanitario de reses muertas y su vínculo con las aves carroñeras. Un marco legal con repercusiones directas en nuestras cuatro especies de buitres, otras rapaces y carnívoros tan señalados como el oso y el lobo.

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Biodiversidad y procesos ecológicos en el Sureste Ibérico. Ballesteros Pelegrín, G.A., Belmonte Serrato, F., Sánchez Balibrea J.K. y Robledano Aymerich F. (eds.). Editum Ediciones de la Universidad de Murcia , 2017

In Mediterranean ecosystems, ruby play a trick on (Vulpes vulpes) is one of the about widely distributed facult... more In Mediterranean ecosystems, reddish fox (Vulpes vulpes) is one of the most widely distributed facultative scavengers. Our primary goal was to evaluate the relative density of reddish fox and its diet in three areas of Murcia Region with different communities of scavengers and wild ungulates. To practise this, a faeces count was conducted along 19 walking transects. The nutrition was estimated by means of the analysis of the contents of the faeces nerveless. No between-areas significant differences were found in red fob density, although we establish significant differences regarding nutrition. For example, foxes consumed more carrion in Sierra Espuña, an area with a loftier density of ungulates and scarce presence of vultures.

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Biodiversidad y procesos ecológicos en el Sureste Ibérico. Ballesteros Pelegrín, One thousand.A., Belmonte Serrato, F., Sánchez Balibrea J.Chiliad. y Robledano Aymerich F. (eds.). Editum Ediciones de la Universidad de Murcia , 2017

Los humanos y los carroñeros han estado estrechamente relacionados y, actualmente muchas poblacio... more Los humanos y los carroñeros han estado estrechamente relacionados y, actualmente muchas poblaciones de buitres dependen de los ungulados domésticos. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar cómo los ganaderos perciben los servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por los carroñeros. Para ello, se realizaron encuestas a los ganaderos de la comarca del Noroeste de Murcia. Nuestros resultados revelan que tienen una fina percepción de los carroñeros presentes en el área de estudio. La valoración del papel de los buitres fue muy positiva, mientras que la de los carroñeros facultativos fue neutral o negativa. Esta percepción podría tener efectos negativos sobre las estrategias de conservación de los carroñeros obligados.

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The IPBES regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Europe and Cardinal Asia. Rounsevell, 1000., Fischer, K., Torre-Marin Rando, A. and Mader, A. (eds.). Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany , 2018

This chapter addresses the boxes of the IPBES conceptual framework "nature's contributions to peo... more than This chapter addresses the boxes of the IPBES conceptual framework "nature'due south contributions to people" (NCP) and "good quality of life" and the interactions between them. Therefore, it assesses the status, trends and future dynamics of nature's material, regulating and non-material contributions to people. This chapter besides assesses the implications of changes in nature's contributions to people for the quality of life of people in terms of instrumental and relational values, including food, energy and water security, health, cultural heritage, identity and stewardship, and disinterestedness. The chapter also examines the multiple values of nature's contributions to people by presenting an integrated valuation, including monetary and nonmonetary valuation. In this affiliate, we provide an assessment of nature's contributions to people and their relationships with values and quality of life in Europe and Central Asia, bringing together scientific, technical and indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) systems.

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Actas de las XXVI Jornadas Técnicas SEAE. X Seminario Agroecología, Cambio Climático y Agroturismo. "Innovación Agroecológica y Cambio Climático". xix-20 de octubre de 2017 - Orihuela (Alicante). Sociedad Española de Agricultura Ecológica / Sociedad Española de Agroecología (SEAE) , 2017

Los sistemas agroganaderos tradicionales están estrechamente relacionados con la conservación de ... more Los sistemas agroganaderos tradicionales están estrechamente relacionados con la conservación de la biodiversidad y la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. El estudio de la sostenibilidad de estos sistemas es de gran interés para la conservación de los ecosistemas naturales europeos, profundamente ligados a la presencia de actividades humanas. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la percepción de los ganaderos sobre los problemas asociados a la sostenibilidad de sus explotaciones ganaderas. Para ello, se realizaron encuestas a 255 ganaderos en régimen extensivo y semiextensivo en seis regiones agroganaderas de España. Los factores que determinan la viabilidad y sostenibilidad de las explotaciones ganaderas según los ganaderos incluyen tanto aspectos socio-económicos (due east.g. mercados) como ambientales (e.g. climatología). En general, los problemas asociados a las fuerzas de mercado (i.e. incremento del precio del alimento del ganado y disminución del precio de venta de los productos derivados) fueron los más destacados por los ganaderos (>45% de ganaderos del conjunto de regiones estudiadas). Resulta destacable (>xx%) la problemática asociada a eventos climatológicos extremos (due east.m. sequía o temperaturas extremas), especialmente en zonas áridas del sureste peninsular y Canarias. En áreas con presencia de grandes depredadores se detectó un conflicto entre la conservación de la biodiversidad y la viabilidad de las explotaciones ganaderas (hasta el 71% de los ganaderos en el noroeste de España). En un contexto de cambio global, los resultados de este estudio suponen united nations importante punto de partida y proporcionan evidencias sobre los principales factores que pueden ser abordados para preservar los múltiples servicios ecosistémicos que proveen los sistemas agroganaderos tradicionales.

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Source: https://csic.academia.edu/ZebensuiMoralesReyes?swp=tc-au-43417519

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